7.6.1.1 Piping shall be in accordance with API 614, API 682, and this standard. API 682 and this standard take precedence in case of conflicts with API 614.
管道必须符合 API 614、API 682 和本标准。当 API 682 和本标准与 API 614 发生冲突时，以 API 682 和本标准为准。
7.6.1.2 Auxiliary systems are defined as piping systems that are in the following services:
辅助系统系指用于下列服务的管道系统：
auxiliary process liquids;辅助流程流体
steam;蒸汽
cooling water;冷却水
lubricating oil (see 9.2.6).润滑油（见9.2.6）
Auxiliary system materials shall be in accordance with Table H.4.
辅助系统材料应符合表 H.4 的规定。
NOTE Auxiliary connections are discussed in 6.4.3.
注：6.4.3 中讨论了辅助接口。
7.6.1.3 The piping systems shall be fully assembled and installed. If this requirement causes difficulty in shipping and handling, alternative arrangements are acceptable with purchaser approval.
管道系统必须完全组装和安装。如果这一要求给运输和装卸带来困难，经采买方批准，可采用其他安排。
7.6.1.4 If specified, barrier/buffer fluid reservoirs shall be designed for mounting off the pump baseplate and shall be shipped separately. These reservoirs shall be fully assembled, except that the fluid-circulation tubing shall not be supplied.
如果有规定，阻隔 / 缓冲液储液器应设计成可安装在泵的底座上，并应单独装运。除不提供流体循环管外，这些储液器应完全组装好。
::: tip
解释：绝大部分的机封系统都安装在泵底座上，但是比如PP装置的轴流泵，Plan53C的机封系统就是独立安装的，但是机封冲洗管路仍然是厂家散件供货，现场安装。
:::
7.6.1.5 The vendor shall furnish and locate all piping systems, including mounted appurtenances, within the confines of the baseplate.
卖方应在底座范围内提供所有管道系统，包括安装的附属设备，并确定其位置。
7.6.1.6 If specified, each piping system shall be manifolded to a single purchaser's inlet or outlet connection near the edge and within the confines of the baseplate.
如果有规定，每个管道系统必须在底座范围内靠近底座边缘的位置，将入口和出口集合成供买方连接的单一入口或单一出口。
::: tip
解释：现在也基本这么要求，能合并的管口尽量合并。
:::
NOTE The data sheet allows selection of this option for vent, cooling water, and drain connections.
注 ：数据表允许为排气口、冷却水和排水口的连接选择该选项。
7.6.1.7 The bolting requirements of 6.1.36 shall apply to the connection of auxiliary piping to the equipment. Flange fasteners on stainless steel piping systems for lubricating oil services shall be stainless steel or if specified, low-alloy steel (e.g. ASTM A193/A194M, Grade B7) with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating or other coating method acceptable to purchaser. Cadmium plated bolting is not acceptable.
6.1.36 的螺栓连接要求应适用于辅助管道与设备的连接。用于润滑油的不锈钢管道系统上的法兰紧固件应为不锈钢，或指定的低合金钢（如 ASTM A193/A194M，B7 级），带有聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE) 涂层或买方可接受的其他涂层方法。不接受镀镉螺栓。
::: tip
解释：一般油系统的螺栓也是不锈钢的。之所以不接受镀铬螺栓，是因为镀铬层容易损坏，造成腐蚀。
:::
7.6.1.8 Plugs shall comply with 6.4.3.5.
堵头应符合 6.4.3.5 的规定
::: tip
解释：不允许使用塑料堵头（塞子）。
:::
7.6.2 Auxiliary Process Liquid Piping
辅助工艺流体管道
7.6.2.1 Auxiliary process-liquid piping includes vent lines, drain lines, balance lines, product flushing lines, and lines for injection of external fluid.
辅助工艺流体管道包括排气管路、排液管路、平衡管路、产品冲洗管路和外部液体注入管路。
7.6.2.2 Piping components shall have a pressure-temperature rating at least equal to MAWP of the pump casing but in no case less than the ASME flange rating of the discharge connection of the pump.
管道组件的压力-温度额定值应至少等于泵壳的 MAWP，但在任何情况下都不得低于泵排放接口的 ASME 法兰额定值。
::: tip
解释：也就是说密封冲洗管道也应该按照MAWP制造，API682也是这么规定的。尤其是对于BB5的多级大泵，泵的出口压力等级经常是1500#的，也就要求机封系统及机封冲洗管线都是1500#的（除非机封系统或泵入口设置安全阀）。
:::
7.6.2.3 Piping and components subject to the process liquid shall have a corrosion/erosion resistance equal to or better than that of the casing. Otherwise, all components shall be steel.
受工艺流体影响的管道和部件的耐腐蚀/抗侵蚀性应等于或优于泵壳的耐腐蚀/抗侵蚀性。否则，所有部件均应为钢的。
::: tip
解释：之前说过了，比如泵为12%Cr材质的泵，其排凝管线和平衡管管线要求是316的，或者6625材质的，级别比12%Cr材质要高。
:::
7.6.2.4 Orifice openings shall not be less than 0.12 in. (3 mm) in diameter. Orifice hole size shall be stamped on the orifice plate. The purchaser shall specify orifice tagging or labelling requirements.
孔板开工不得小于 0.12 英寸（3 毫米）。孔板上应标明孔径大小。买方应规定孔板铭牌或标签要求。
7.6.2.5 Drain valves and a drain manifold shall be supplied for pumps that require more than one drain connection. The drain manifold shall be inside the drain pan limits.
对于需要一个以上排液接口的泵，必须提供排液阀和排液集合管。排液集合管应位于集液盘范围内。
Unless otherwise specified, for pumps with one drain connection, the drain shall be closed with a blind flange and gasket if a drain valve is not provided. The vendor shall provide space on the baseplate for a purchaser- supplied drain valve inside the pump drain pan or drain rim.
除非另有规定，对于只有一个排液接口的泵，如果不提供排液阀，则应使用盲法兰和垫片封闭排液口。卖方应在底座上留出空间，以便在泵集液盘或排水边缘内安装买方提供的排水阀。
::: tip
解释：绝大数情况，排液阀都是由卖方提供。
:::
7.6.2.6 For pumps in pipeline services, vent and drain connections that are threaded shall be plugged. Plugs shall be compatible with process fluid.
对于管线服务中的泵，螺纹连接的排气和排水接口必须堵塞。塞子应与工艺流体兼容。
7.6.2.7 If heating or cooling is provided, each exchanger component shall be suitable for the process liquid and cooling water to which it is exposed.
如果提供加热或冷却，每个交换器部件都必须适合其所接触的工艺流体和冷却水。
::: tip
解释：就是换热器部件不与工艺流体和冷却水发生腐蚀，反应等。
:::
7.6.2.8 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, flanges or counter-flanges on the first pipe nipples threaded into seal gland connections shall be lap-joint flanges with butt-weld attachments to the nipples. With purchaser approval, socket-welded unions may be used in place of lap-joint flanges at the first connection from the seal gland.
除非买方另有规定，否则与密封压盖螺纹连接的第一个管接头上的法兰或对法兰，应为与管接头对焊连接的松套法兰。经买方批准，可在密封压盖的第一个连接处使用承插焊联合接头代替松套法兰。
::: tip
解释：lap-joint flange就是松套法兰，如下左图。之所以要求松套法兰，是因为这样方便拆卸机封冲洗系统。
但是现在常规的做法还是socked weld unions连接。
Socket welded unions，如下右图，与卡套连接还是不太一样的。一个适合pipe，一个适合tube。工程实际中，还是使用右图的情况比较多。
|
|
 |
 |
| ::: |
|
NOTE Threaded connections are allowed on gland connections (see 6.4.3.5). If the remainder of the piping arrangement is flanged construction, a lap-joint flange or union welded to the first pipe nipple threaded into each seal gland connection enables repeated assembly and disassembly of the threaded connection without overstressing the threads. Socket-welded unions supplied in stainless steel tend to leak after repeated assembly and disassembly.
注： 压盖连接处允许使用螺纹连接（见 6.4.3.5）。如果管道布置的其余部分为法兰结构，则在每个密封压盖连接处的第一个螺纹管接头上焊接一个松套法兰或活接头，这样可以重复装配和拆卸螺纹连接，而不会对螺纹造成过大应力。不锈钢承插焊联合接头在反复组装和拆卸后容易发生泄漏。
::: tip
解释：还是推荐用松套法兰的形式，但是工程上还是使用Socket-welded unions的情况比较多。
:::
7.6.2.9 Threaded piping joints may be used only on seal glands, bearing housing instrumentation connections, and for pumps in pipeline services with maximum operating temperature not greater than 130 °F (55 °C).
螺纹管道接头只能用于密封格兰、轴承箱仪表连接，以及最高工作温度不超过 130 °F (55 °C) 的管线服务中的泵。
7.6.2.10 Transmitters and pressure gauges shall have block-and-bleed valves.
变送器和压力表必须有BB阀。
::: tip
解释：block-and-bleed就是双阀组，也叫BB阀，一个用于截止，一个用于排气。
附图如下。
:::
7.6.3 Cooling-water Piping
冷却水管线
7.6.3.1 The arrangement of cooling-water piping shall conform to Figure B.2, Figure B.3, Figure B.4, Figure B.5, Figure B.6, and Figure B.7, as applicable.
冷却水管道的布置，应符合图 B.2、图 B.3、图 B.4、图 B.5、图 B.6 和图 B.7 的规定（如适用）。
7.6.3.2 Individual coolers and cooler elements shall be piped in parallel such that cooling water does not cool multiple coolers in series.
独立冷却器和冷却器元件必须并联，使冷却水不会冷却串联的多个冷却器。
7.6.3.3 The cooling-water piping shall be designed for the conditions in 6.1.28.
冷却水管道的设计必须符合 6.1.28 中的条件。