7.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, couplings between drivers and driven equipment shall be supplied and mounted by the vendor with unit responsibility.
除非另有规定,驱动装置和被驱动设备之间的联轴器应由负有成套责任的卖方提供和安装。
7.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, couplings shall be all-metal, spacer-type manufactured in accordance with AGMA 9000, Class 9. Additionally, couplings shall comply with the following:
除非另有规定,联轴器必须是按照 AGMA 9000 标准第 9 级制造的全金属带加长段联轴器。此外,联轴器应符合以下要求:
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解释:带加长段的联轴器图示如下。
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- a) Flexible elements shall be non-lubricated metal type of corrosion-resistant material.
弹性元件应为无润滑金属类型的耐腐蚀材料。
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解释:弹性元件一般要求是不锈钢的。弹性元件的一种是碟片,上右图中的disc。
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- b) Couplings shall be designed to positively retain the spacer if a flexible element ruptures.
联轴器的设计应能在弹性元件破裂时牢牢固定住加长段。
NOTE The use of bolt heads or flexible element fasteners alone to retain the spacer if a flexible membrane ruptures might not provide adequate support because they are subject to wear if and when failure occurs.
注: 如果弹性元件膜片破裂,仅使用螺栓头或弹性元件紧固件来固定加长段可能无法提供足够的支撑,因为一旦发生故障,螺栓头或弹性元件紧固件就会磨损。
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解释:如上图,两图是我们最常用的联轴器形式,但是根据本条规定,碟片破裂时,不能保证螺栓紧固件就可以把加长段保持住。但是泵厂家基本不对此条提出偏离。常用的能保持住加长段的联轴器如下图所示。
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- c) Coupling hubs shall be steel.
联接毂应为钢制。
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解释:hub为轮毂,见上图。
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- d) The distance between the pump and driver shaft ends (distance between shaft ends, or DBSE) shall be greater than the seal cartridge length for all pumps other than OH type or at least 5 in. (125 mm) and shall permit removal of the coupling, bearing housing, bearings, seal, and rotor, as applicable, without disturbing the driver, driver coupling hub, pump coupling hub, or the suction and discharge piping. For BB and VS pump types, this dimension, DBSE, shall always be greater than the total seal length, l, listed in Table 7.
对于除 OH 泵型以外的所有泵,泵和驱动器轴端之间的距离 (轴端之间的距离,或 DBSE)应大于密封筒长度,或至少为 5 英寸 (125 毫米),并且应允许在不影响驱动器、驱动器联轴器毂、泵联轴器毂或吸入和排出管道的情况下拆卸联轴器、轴承箱、轴承、密封件和转子 (如适用)。对于 BB 和 VS 泵类型,此尺寸 DBSE 应始终大于表 7 中列出的总密封长度 l。
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解释:如下图BB2的泵,要想拆卸蓝色的机械密封,必须把红色箭头位置的所有设备从联轴器加长段处拆走。
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NOTE The DBSE dimension usually corresponds to the nominal coupling spacer length.
注: DBSE 尺寸通常与标称联轴器加长段长度一致。
- e) Provision shall be made for the attachment of alignment equipment without the requirement to remove the spacer or dismantle the coupling in any way.
应在不以任何方式移除加长段或拆卸联轴器的情况下,提供安装对中设备的条件
NOTE One way of achieving this is to provide at least 1 in. (25 mm) of bare shaft between the coupling hub and the bearing housing where alignment brackets can be located.
注:实现这一要求的一种方法是,在联轴器轮毂和轴承箱之间提供至少 1 英寸 (25 毫米)的裸轴,以便放置对准支架。
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解释:这句话的意思是,联轴器的hub和轴承箱不能挨着太近了,至少可以能放下对中用的设备。这也是通常做法。
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- f) Couplings operating at speeds in excess of 3800 r/min shall meet the requirements of API 671 for component balancing and assembly balance check.
联轴器的运行转速超过 3800 r/min,必须满足 API 671 对部件平衡和组件平衡检查的要求。
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解释:除非要求,一般不对联轴器进行动平衡。但是如果要求了联轴器符合API671,则必须进行联轴器动平衡。
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- g) If specified, major coupling components (hubs, spacer/flex element, and weight-matched hardware) shall be balanced in accordance with ISO 21940-11, to the balance grade specified by the purchaser.
如果有规定,主要联轴器部件(轮毂、加长段/弹性元件和配重硬件)应根据 ISO 21940-11 进行平衡,达到买方规定的平衡等级。
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解释:可以要求平衡等级G2.5或者G6.3,但是这不是强制要求。
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7.2.3 Couplings and coupling to shaft junctures shall be rated for the maximum driver power, including the driver service factor.
联轴器和联轴器与轴的连接处的额定功率应为最大驱动功率,包括驱动装置的使用系数。
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解释:如果驱动设备为15kw,但是其使用系数为2,那联轴器应能传递的扭矩应该为30kw下的扭矩。
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7.2.4 If specified, couplings shall meet the requirements of API 671, ISO 14691, or ISO 10441.
如有规定,联轴器应符合 API 671、ISO 14691 或 ISO 10441 的要求。
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解释:工程实际中,一般强制要求使用API671的联轴器。但是在本标准中为非强制条款。
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NOTE Purchasers can specify API 671 in order to comply with API 686 requirements for coupling hub runout during equipment installation. Without this specification, standard coupling hubs cannot be expected to meet these special runout requirements.
注 :买方可以指定 API 671,以便在设备安装过程中符合 API 686 对联轴器轮毂跳动的要求。如果没有此规范,标准联轴器毂就不能满足这些特殊的跳动要求。
7.2.5 Information on shafts, keyway dimensions (if any), and shaft end movements due to end play and thermal effects shall be furnished to the vendor supplying the coupling.
应向提供联轴器的供应商提供有关轴、键槽尺寸(如有)以及由于浮动和热效应引起的轴端移动的信息。
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解释:end play是一个机械工程术语,指的是轴和轴承组件中由于零件间的间隙而产生的轴向运动。
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7.2.6 Flexible couplings shall be keyed to the shaft. Keys, keyways, and fits shall conform to AGMA 9002, Commercial Class. Shaft coupling keyways shall be cut to accommodate a rectangular cross section key. Sled- runner type keys and keyways shall not be provided. Keys shall be fabricated and fitted to minimize unbalance.
挠性联轴器应与轴通过键连接。键、键槽和配合应符合 AGMA 9002 商业级标准。联轴器键槽必须切割成可容纳矩形截面键的形状。不得提供雪橇式键和键槽。键的制造和安装应尽量减少不平衡。
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解释:Sled- runner type keys and keyways如下图的右图所示。左图为符合AGMA 9002的键槽图。
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7.2.7 For shaft diameters greater than 2.5 in. (60 mm) and if it is necessary to remove the coupling hub to service the mechanical seal, the hub shall be mounted with a taper fit. The coupling fit taper for keyed couplings shall be 1 in 16 (0.75 in./ft, 60 mm/m diametral). Other mounting methods and tapers shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and the vendor. Coupling hubs with cylindrical bores may be supplied with slip fits to the shaft and set screws that bear on the key.
对于轴径大于 2.5 英寸 (60 mm) 且需要拆卸联轴器轮毂以维修机械密封时,外轮毂必须安装为锥形配合。带键联轴器的配合锥度应为 1/16 英寸(0.75 英寸/英尺,直径 60 毫米/米)。其他安装方法和锥度应由买方和卖方商定。带圆柱孔的联轴器外轮毂可提供与轴的滑动配合以及与键配合的固定螺钉。
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解释:带有锥度,方便机械密封的拆装。比如BB型的泵,必须从一段拆了联轴器hub后,拆了轴承箱才能更换机械密封,因此,其联轴器hub端为锥面的,见下左图。而OH2泵可以从叶轮端更换机械密封,因此其轴与联轴器的连接方式可以是圆柱型(可带固定螺钉,可不带,一般不带),如下右图,这种联轴器一般是热装的。
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NOTE Appropriate assembly and maintenance procedures shpuld be used to assure that taper fit couplings have an interference fit. Slip fits on cylindrical bores allow adjustment of the coupling axial position in the field without application of heat.
注: 应采用适当的装配和维护程序,以确保锥面配合联轴器具有过盈配合。圆柱孔上的滑动配合允许在现场调整联轴器的轴向位置而无需加热。
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解释:大多数泵厂,除非特殊要求或者特别大的泵,带有锥度的联轴器仍然采用间隙配合,而不是过盈配合,不配置液压拆装工具。且本条是should表示的,非强制要求。
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7.2.8 Coupling hubs designed for interference fits to the shaft shall be furnished with tapped puller holes at least 0.38 in. (10 mm) in diameter to facilitate removal.
设计用于与轴过盈配合的联轴器毂必须配备直径至少为 0.38 英寸 (10 毫米)的攻丝拉拔孔,以方便拆卸。
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解释:tapped puller holes就是专门给拆装工具用的孔,见下图的红色箭头位置的孔。
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7.2.9 If specified, couplings shall be fitted hydraulically.
如有规定,应使用液压方式安装联轴器。
7.2.10 If specified, couplings shall be fitted with a proprietary clamping device. Acceptable clamping devices may include tapered bushings, frictional locking assemblies, and shrink discs. The vendor responsible for the final machining of the hub bores shall select a suitable rating/size device to suit the coupling and the application.
如有规定,联轴器必须配备专用夹紧装置。可接受的夹紧装置包括锥形衬套、摩擦锁定组件和收缩盘。负责轮毂孔最终加工的供应商应选择适合的规格/尺寸装置来适应联轴器和实际应用。
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解释:锥形衬套、摩擦锁定组件和收缩盘均是为了更好的让联轴器hub和轴头更好的对中。比如直头的联轴器,一般选用热装的方式,就是为了更好的对中。
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NOTE Some devices are not inherently self-centering and can introduce eccentricity and unbalance into the coupling assembly. This effect is a factor when determining coupling potential unbalance.
注: 某些设备本身并不是自定心的,可能会给联轴器组件带来偏心和不平衡。这种影响是确定联轴器潜在不平衡的一个因素。
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解释:锥形头比圆柱头更容易对中定心,可以要求都使用锥形头的轴。
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7.2.11 If the vendor is not required to mount the driver, the fully machined half-coupling shall be delivered to the driver manufacturer s plant or any other designated location, together with the necessary instructions for mounting the half-coupling on the driver shaft.
如果不要求卖方安装驱动装置,则应将完全加工好的半联轴器连同在驱动轴上安装半联轴器的必要说明,一起送到驱动装置制造商的工厂或任何其他指定地点。