7.3.1 Unless otherwise specified, guards between drivers and driven equipment and between the bearing housing and seal gland shall be supplied and mounted by the vendor with unit responsibility.
除非另有规定,驱动装置和从动设备之间以及轴承箱和密封压盖之间的防护罩应由供应商提供和安装,并由负有成套责任的卖方负责。
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解释:之前版本的标准中,仅要求了驱动装置和从动设备之间的护罩(也就是联轴器护罩,见下左图黄色联轴器护罩),本版本同时要求了轴承箱和密封压盖之间的防护罩,见下右图密封护罩。
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7.3.2 Each coupling shall have a coupling guard that is removable without disturbing the coupled elements. Each coupling guard shall meet the following requirements:
每个联轴器都必须有一个可拆卸的联轴器护罩,护罩不会干扰联接的部件。每个联轴器护罩必须符合以下要求:
- a) enclose the coupling and the shafts to prevent personnel from contacting moving parts during operation of the equipment train; allowable access dimensions shall comply with specified standards, such as ISO 14120, or ANSI B11.19;
包裹联轴器和轴,防止人员在整个系列运行期间接触运动部件;允许接触的尺寸应符合规定的标准,如 ISO 14120 或 ANSI B11.19;
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解释:ISO 14120是一项国际标准,规定了机械安全方面的要求,主要涉及用于保护人员免受机械危险的固定和可移动的防护罩的设计、构造和选择1。ISO 14120还指出了其他可能影响防护罩设计和构造的危险因素。ANSI B11.19是一项美国国家标准,规定了风险降低措施的性能要求,包括安全防护和其他降低风险的方法。
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- b) be constructed with sufficient stiffness (rigidity) to withstand a 200 lbf (900 N) static point load in any direction without the guard contacting moving parts;
具有足够的硬度(刚度),可承受任何方向 200 磅(900 牛)的静态点荷载,且防护罩不会接触到运动部件;
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解释:900N相当于一个很重的成年人的体重,压在护罩上可以让护罩基本不变形或微变形但不会接触运动部件。这是一条非常高要求的条款,一般厂家是做不到的。
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- c) be fabricated from sheet (solid or perforated), plate, or expanded metal; any openings shall conform to ISO 14120, EN 953, or ANSI B11.19, but in no case shall exceed 0.375 in. (10 mm); guards of woven wire shall not be used;
由板材(实心或穿孔)、钢板或延展金属制成;任何开口均应符合 ISO 14120、EN 953 或 ANSI B11.19,但在任何情况下均不得超过 0.375 英寸(10 毫米);不得使用编织金属丝制成的防护罩;
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解释:这里的开孔不超过10mm的意思是,对于带孔的板制成的护罩,孔的大小不应该大于10mm,防止过大异物进入。
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- d) be constructed of steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-copper alloy, or nonmetallic (polymer) materials, as suitable.
由钢、黄铜、铝、镍铜合金或适当的非金属(聚合物)材料制成。
7.3.2.1 If specified, coupling guards shall be constructed of an agreed spark-resistant material (see 6.10.2.9,Note).
如有规定,联轴器护罩必须由商定的抗火花材料制成(见 6.10.2.9,注)。
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解释:现在本条基本强制要求,护罩应该由无火花材料制成。本标准6.10.2.9解释:在许多用户认为纯铝、镁含量不超过 2% 或铜含量不超过 0.2% 的铝合金、全铜和铜基合金(如黄铜、青铜)具有抗火花性。但是,当地标准(如 EN 13463-1)可能不允许在潜在爆炸性环境中使用铝或非金属材料。
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7.3.2.2 If specified for coupling guards with potentially explosive atmospheres, an ignition hazard assessment (risk analysis) in accordance with EN 13463-1 shall be conducted and a suitable report provided.
如果指定,用于具有潜在爆炸性气体环境的联轴器护罩装置,则必须按照 EN 13463-1 进行点火危险评估(风险分析),并提供适当的报告。
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解释:EN 13463-1可能不允许在潜在爆炸性环境中使用铝或非金属材料
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7.3.3 Exposed shaft areas including the area between pump bearing housing(s) and mechanical seal(s) shall have a shaft guard. The guard shall meet the following requirements:
裸露的轴部位,包括泵轴承箱和机械密封之间的区域,应安装轴防护罩。防护装置应符合以下要求:
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解释:也称为密封护罩,上面附过图了。
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a) prevent personnel from contacting moving parts during operation of the pump; allowable opening dimensions shall comply with specified standards, such as EN 953 or ISO 14120;
防止人员在泵运行过程中接触运动部件;允许的开口尺寸应符合规定的标准,如 EN 953 或 ISO 14120;
b) sufficiently vented to prevent the accumulation of seal emissions, liquid, or vapor;
充分通风,以防止密封排放物、液体或蒸汽积聚;
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解释:这一条很重要,因此密封护罩基本都要求是带孔的板制成。
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- c) allow visual inspection of the seal without removal of guard;
允许在不拆除防护罩的情况下目测密封件;
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解释:这条也要求密封护罩带观察口。
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d) constructed of steel, stainless steel, brass, or aluminum materials, as suitable;
根据情况由钢、不锈钢、黄铜或铝材料制成;
e) fabricated from sheet (solid or perforated), plate, expanded metal, or woven wire and securely fastened to the pump.
由板材(实心或穿孔)、钢板、膨胀金属或编织线制成,并牢固地固定在泵上。
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解释:密封护罩允许编制丝形式了。
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7.3.3.1 For pipeline services, a solid shaft guard with a piping connection at the bottom to drain away any accumulated liquid and vapors is required. For this configuration, visual inspection of the seal is not required since the area is enclosed.
对于管线工况,坚固的护罩底部需要一个连接管道,以排出积聚的液体和蒸汽。对于这种配置,由于区域是封闭的,因此不需要对密封进行目视检查。
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解释:长输管线工况经常是无人操作,无人巡视的。
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7.3.3.2 If specified, guards shall be designed to meet other purchaser requirements, such as providing access for volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions testing; protection from environmental elements (e.g. rain, sand); provide protection from directional spray in event of significant seal leakage; and special venting/draining arrangements. Any of these options or possible others shall be explicitly stated by the purchaser.
如果要求,护罩的设计必须符合买方的其他要求,如提供挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 排放测试的通道;防止环境因素(如雨水、沙尘)的影响;在密封件严重泄漏时提供防止定向喷射的保护;以及特殊的排气/排液要求。上述任何选项或可能的其他选项均应由买方明确说明。
7.3.3.3 If specified, guards shall be constructed of an agreed spark-resistant material (see 6.10.2.9, Note).
如有规定,防护装置必须由商定的无火花材料制成(见 6.10.2.9,注)。
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解释:之前解释过了
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7.3.3.4 If (risk specified for guards with potential explosive atmospheres, an “ignition hazard assessment”
analysis) in accordance with EN 13463-1 shall be conducted and a suitable report provided.
如果(对有潜在爆炸性气体环境的防护装置规定了风险,则必须按照 EN 13463-1 进行 "点火危险评估 "分析,并提供适当的报告。